To compare Internet service options intelligently, you need at least the following information…
Price, Contract Length, Early Termination Fees, Required Services (landline/wireless phone, cable)
These are pretty self explanatory.
Download and Upload Speeds
These speeds should be “goodput”, or actual measurable throughput after overhead. For example, some technologies have overhead rates of up to 20%. If a provider advertises a 10 Mbps service offering, the actual “goodput” might be 8 Mbps. Or, they might be compensating for the overhead and provisioning the customer to 12.5 Mbps so their “goodput” is 10 Mbps.
Some providers offer an option where the customer’s speed is higher for a short burst, but drops down for sustained use. Make sure that you’re looking at this as a separate feature. Only sustained speeds should be directly compared to other sustained speeds.
Data Caps
With uncapped service, you can download at your provisioned speed as much or as little as you want.
Traditionally, wireline providers sell uncapped services. However, that’s not universally true today. Various cable and DSL providers are implementing caps, though they’re generally in the 100-250 GB range whereas cellular providers have caps in the 2-5 GB range.
If one of those average customers was using service from a cellular provider like AT&T or Verizon, they’d get a huge bill for the usage above 4 GB. With a provider like T-Mobile, they would’ve had their connection speed drastically reduced after the first 2 GB of transfer. If they were using WildBlue satellite Internet service, their connection would’ve been slowed after the first 7.5 to 25 GB, so they probably would’ve been unable to use Netflix for the rest of the month.
Latency (Delay)
Satellite connections have very high latency.
Imagine a satellite connection with 1.5 seconds of latency. Adding 1.5 seconds to a large file download or waiting 1.5 seconds for a full-length streaming movie to play is no big deal. But adding 1.5 seconds to a web page load and then another 1.5 seconds for the images to start loading and possibly more round-trips, and it’s all pretty annoying.
And 1.5 seconds of delay on a VoIP telephone call would make it all but unusable, as you’d be constantly talking over the other person. And 1.5 seconds of delay would make Internet video gaming completely useless.
“Jitter” (Packet Delay Variation)
This is the variation in latency. Interactive applications like VoIP are sensitive to jitter. Streaming services can compensate for jitter by using a larger buffer, which adds total delay (which may not be a perceptible problem, as in the case of a small delay before a full-length streaming movie).
Shared access networks like cellular, satellite, fixed wireless, cable, or GPON fiber-to-the-home will generally have more jitter than a point-to-point connection like DSL or active Ethernet fiber-to-the-home. This unscientific test shows the concept.
Notes
Assuming the provider runs a clean, uncongested network, you only care about these parameters over the “last mile” piece from the customer to the provider. Note that this is an important assumption. If there are concerns that a provider might not be running an uncongested middle-mile network, then you’d need to compare to an independent third-party destination.
To be fair to satellite Internet access, it’s available essentially everywhere (in North America).
To be fair to cellular Internet access, it’s mobile. You can have a cellular modem and use your laptop most places, including in a moving car, though obviously it should not be one you’re driving!